2022
Yes
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9181051/
Pampati, Sanjana
North America
Observational
Exposure Study
Elementary (K-5)
Middle/Jr High (6-8)
High School (9-12)
Ventilation rates
Filtration
The most frequently reported ventilation improvement strategies were lower-cost strategies,
including relocating activities outdoors (73.6%), inspecting and validating existing heating, ventilation and air condition ing (HVAC) systems (70.5%), and opening doors (67.3%) or
windows (67.2%) when safe to do so. A smaller proportion of schools reported more resource-intensive strategies such as replacing or upgrading HVAC systems (38.5%) or using high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration systems in classrooms (28.2%) or eating areas (29.8%). Rural and mid-poverty–level schools were less likely to report several resource-intensive strategies. For example, rural schools were less likely to use portable HEPA filtration systems in classrooms (15.6%) than were city (37.7%) and suburban schools (32.9%), and mid-poverty–level schools were less likely than were high- poverty–level schools to have replaced or upgraded HVAC systems (32.4% versus 48.8%).
including relocating activities outdoors (73.6%), inspecting and validating existing heating, ventilation and air condition ing (HVAC) systems (70.5%), and opening doors (67.3%) or
windows (67.2%) when safe to do so. A smaller proportion of schools reported more resource-intensive strategies such as replacing or upgrading HVAC systems (38.5%) or using high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration systems in classrooms (28.2%) or eating areas (29.8%). Rural and mid-poverty–level schools were less likely to report several resource-intensive strategies. For example, rural schools were less likely to use portable HEPA filtration systems in classrooms (15.6%) than were city (37.7%) and suburban schools (32.9%), and mid-poverty–level schools were less likely than were high- poverty–level schools to have replaced or upgraded HVAC systems (32.4% versus 48.8%).