2017 Yes https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5287434/ Sunyer, Jordi Europe Observational Epidemiology Study Students Elementary (K-5) Temperature Humidity Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Test performance Daily ambient levels of both NO2 and EC were negatively associated with all attention processes (e.g., children in the bottom quartile of daily exposure to ambient NO2 levels had a 14.8 msecond [95% confidence interval, 11.2, 18.4] faster response time than those in the top quartile, which was equivalent to a 1.1-month [0.84, 1.37] retardation in the natural developmental improvement in response speed with age). Similar findings were observed after adjusting for the average indoor (classroom) levels of pollutants. Associations for EC were similar to those for NO2 and robust to several sensitivity analyses