2022 Yes https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9132786/ Li, Bingxu Asia Observational Other Ventilation rates Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Demand-controlled ventilation COVID-19 CO2 concentration Event reproduction number Ventilation control scheme This paper presents a novel CO2-based DCV strategy in the context of controlling COVID-19 transmission in indoor environments. Case studies of different indoor environments have been conducted on an experimental platform of a real ventilation duct system to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Results show that the proposed strategy can efficiently maintain R<1 to limit COVID-19 contagion while saving about 30%–50% of energy compared with the fixed ventilation scheme. In future studies, we intend to incorporate more practical factors into the ventilation control framework: 1) To overcome CO2 measurement problems (i.e., loss of accuracy, measurement delay) caused by the uneven CO2 distribution in large building zones, we aim to design the CO2-based DCV strategy which considers uneven spatial distribution of the CO2 and indoor pollutants, to maintain good IAQ and limit the spread of COVID-19 in large building zones. 2) Since ventilation control from the aspect of limiting COVID-19 transmission is different from the conventional control scheme, problems regarding the impact on overall system design should be further studied. For instance, proper estimation methods of the number of infectors should be proposed for different scenarios, which should ensure the DCV strategy designed based on these estimations can achieve efficient infection control while not causing severe overdesign problems.