2022
No
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35978258/
Wang, Runyu
Asia
Observational
Students
Teachers
Middle/Jr High (6-8)
Indoor/outdoor
Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5)
Heavy metals
middle school
Health risk assessment
The PM2.5-bounded elements in two middle schools
in Xi’an showing higher levels compared with the
previous researches worldwide. Indoor elements concentrations were strongly related to the outdoor air.
The students’ and teachers’ activities also affected the
distribution of indoor pollutants. Due to the limited
samples, some mixed complex sources were hard to
identify accurately. However, the main sources of elements are derived from coal combustion, geogenic
dust and industrial emission in this study. The cancer
risk of As and Cr was within the accepted thresholds
(10–4 to 10–6), exerting potential adverse effect on
both students’ and teachers’ health. Indoor classroom
tended to have less cancer risks compared to outdoor
in JT while Cr, Ni and Pb displayed higher risks in
indoor classroom than outdoor air in HT. Adults suffered more cancer risks than students. Even though
the HQ value for each element was lower than 1, the
accumulative non-carcinogenic risks for both children
and adults exceeded the safe level in JT. This study
alerts us that PM2.5 pollution and carcinogenic and
non-carcinogenic health hazards in school microenvironment are of great seriousness in Xi’an. And it is
necessary to take various measures of environmental
protection and treatment in schools and outdoors to
micrify the high PM2.5-bounded elements exposure in
this district.
in Xi’an showing higher levels compared with the
previous researches worldwide. Indoor elements concentrations were strongly related to the outdoor air.
The students’ and teachers’ activities also affected the
distribution of indoor pollutants. Due to the limited
samples, some mixed complex sources were hard to
identify accurately. However, the main sources of elements are derived from coal combustion, geogenic
dust and industrial emission in this study. The cancer
risk of As and Cr was within the accepted thresholds
(10–4 to 10–6), exerting potential adverse effect on
both students’ and teachers’ health. Indoor classroom
tended to have less cancer risks compared to outdoor
in JT while Cr, Ni and Pb displayed higher risks in
indoor classroom than outdoor air in HT. Adults suffered more cancer risks than students. Even though
the HQ value for each element was lower than 1, the
accumulative non-carcinogenic risks for both children
and adults exceeded the safe level in JT. This study
alerts us that PM2.5 pollution and carcinogenic and
non-carcinogenic health hazards in school microenvironment are of great seriousness in Xi’an. And it is
necessary to take various measures of environmental
protection and treatment in schools and outdoors to
micrify the high PM2.5-bounded elements exposure in
this district.