2021 Yes https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8542956/ Quandelacy, Talia M North America Observational Modeling Students Elementary (K-5) Middle/Jr High (6-8) High School (9-12) Temperature Humidity Human influenza Prediction School-aged children Surveillance School districts reported 2 184 220 all-cause absences (2010-2015). Three one-season studies reported 19 577 all-cause and 3012 ILI-related absences (2007, 2012, 2015). Over seven seasons, 11 946 confirmed influenza cases were reported. Absences improved seasonal model fits and predictions. Multivariate models using elementary school absences outperformed middle and high school models (relative mean absolute error (relMAE) = 0.94, 0.98, 0.99). K-5 grade-specific absence models had lowest mean absolute errors (MAE) in cross-validations. ILI-specific absences performed marginally better than all-cause absences in two years, adjusting for other covariates, but markedly worse one year.