2021 Yes https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014765132100542X?via%3Dihub Isa, Khairul Nizam Mohd Asia Observational Students Middle/Jr High (6-8) High School (9-12) Temperature Humidity Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Particulate Matter (PM) Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Dust Fungi Allergy Lung inflammation Biomarkers Fungi Metagenomics A total of 1869 unique of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of fungi were identified with dominated at genus level by Aspergillus (15.8%), Verrucoconiothyrium (5.5%), and Ganoderma (4.6%). Chemometric and regression results revealed that relative abundance of T. asahii were associated with down regulation of CD66b expressed on eosinophil, and elevation of FeNO levels in predicting asthmatic children with model accuracy of 63.6%. Meanwhile, upregulation of CD11b expressed on eosinophil were associated with relative abundance of A. clavatus and regulated by PM2.5. There were significant association of P. bandonii with upregulation of CD63 expressed on neutrophil and exposure to NO2. Our findings indicate that exposure to PM2.5, NO2, T. asahii, P.bandonii and A.clavatus are likely interrelated with upregulation of activation and degranulation markers on both eosinophil and neutrophil.