2023 Yes https://journals.lww.com/co-allergy/abstract/2023/04000/environment_and_the_development_of_severe_asthma.18.aspx Lee, Julia X. North America Review Students Elementary (K-5) Middle/Jr High (6-8) High School (9-12) Particulate Matter (PM) Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Pests/Pesticides Radon Allergens Absenteeism Respiratory symptoms Asthma inner city population School Environmental health environmental allergy Many urban environmental exposures contribute to asthma burden, including tobacco/e-cigerette smoke, pest allergens, molds, and possibly synthetic chemicals such as phthalates and bisphenol A, radon, and volatile organic compounds. Individuals living in inner-city areas also experience higher levels of air pollutants and ambient heat, further perpetuating asthma incidence and severity. This article summarizes the latest advances and provides direction for future research on risk factors, interventions, and public policy to help alleviate the burden of asthma due to urban environment exposures.