2023 Yes https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004565352203243X?via%3Dihub Besis, Athanasios Europe Exposure Study Elementary (K-5) Dust Indoor dust Schools Human exposure Carcinogenic Non-carcinogenic risk The sum concentrations of 20 targeted polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners (?20PBDEs) in dust varied from 58 ng g-1 to 1480 ng g-1, while the sum of 4 novel brominated fire retardants (?4NBFRs) ranged from 28 ng g-1 to 555 ng g-1. Correspondingly, the sum concentrations of phthalate esters (?9PAEs) ranged between 265 ?g g-1 and 2120 ?g g-1, while the sum of organophosphate esters (?11OPEs) was found between 2890 ng g-1 and 16,100 ng g-1. Finally, the sum concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (?16PAHs) were found within in the range 212 ng g-1 and 6960 ng g-1. Exposure to indoor dust contaminant via inhalation, ingestion and dermal absorption was investigated for children and adults (teachers). Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were also estimated. Children's estimated intakes of individual hazardous chemicals via the three exposure routes, were lower than the available health-based reference values.