2023 Yes https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36640783/ Lanza, Kevin North America Observational Students Elementary (K-5) Temperature Humidity Other Latino Climate change adaptation green schoolyards Low-income shade sail structures urban tree canopy. Temperature ranged 11 C to 35 C. Each 1 C higher temperature was associated with a 0.7 percentage point lower time spent in MVPA, until 33 C (91 F) when the association changed to a 1.5 lower time (P < .01). Each 1 C higher temperature was associated with a 0.3 percentage point higher time spent under shade, until 33 C when the association changed to a 3.4 higher time (P < .001). At 33 C or above, the direct association between shade and MVPA weakened (P < .05), with no interaction effect above 33 C (P > .05). Children at the park with the most tree canopy spent 6.0 percentage points more time in MVPA (P < .01).