2022 Yes https://www-tandfonline-com.ezproxy.lib.utexas.edu/doi/full/10.1080/02640414.2021.1976490 Ylvisaker, Einar Europe Observational Students Elementary (K-5) Weather conditions Other Weather accelerometry Kindergarten outdoors playground preschoolers Associations for MVPA depended on whether the analyses were adjusted for outdoor time or not. In unadjusted analyses, rainfall, wind, and wet, icy, and mixed playground conditions were negatively associated with MVPA, while temperature, snowfall, and dry playground conditions were positively associated with MVPA. In adjusted analyses, temperature and wet and mixed playground conditions were negatively associated with MVPA, while snowfall and dry and snowy playground conditions were positively associated with MVPA. Outdoor time and MVPA should be addressed simultaneously to inform interpretation of associations with weather characteristics and intervention development in early childhood education settings.