2025 Yes https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92047-z Korukire, Noel Africa Observational Epidemiology Study Exposure Study Students Elementary (K-5) Middle/Jr High (6-8) Particulate Matter (PM) Respiratory symptoms Air pollution Lung function Particulate matter (PM) School children Researchers measured PM2.5 and PM10 in six Kigali schools and assessed lung function in 107 students. Children in high-exposure schools had significantly lower FEV₁, FVC, and PEF, indicating a clear link between indoor particulate pollution and impaired respiratory health.