2024 Yes https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111536 Rathogwa-Takalani, Funzani Africa Observational Epidemiology Study Students Middle/Jr High (6-8) Pests/Pesticides Respiratory symptoms Asthma Asthma Adolescents Indoor residual spraying Respiratory symptoms ISAAC A cross-sectional survey of 2,855 South African adolescents used ISAAC tools to assess asthma and wheeze. Indoor residual spraying, tobacco smoke, and paraffin use were significantly associated with increased respiratory symptoms.