2017 No https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.12384 Batterman, Stuart North America Observational Modeling Elementary (K-5) Ventilation rates Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Air change Carbon dioxide (CO2) High-performance buildings Ventilation Study measured ventilation rates in 37 U.S. school classrooms using multiple methods, revealing low rates that may impact comfort, learning, and health; highlights need for improvement without compromising energy goals.