2021 No https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111770 Requia, Weeberb J. South America Observational Epidemiology Study Students Middle/Jr High (6-8) High School (9-12) Particulate Matter (PM) Test Performance Traffic emissions Students Academic performance Cross-sectional study Brazil Analyzed test scores from 344,175 Brazilian students across 256 public schools. Greater road length near schools was linked to lower academic performance. Highlights environmental planning to protect learning in polluted urban zones.