2021 No https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105553 Balakrishnan, Uttara Asia Observational Epidemiology Study Modeling Students Elementary (K-5) Middle/Jr High (6-8) High School (9-12) Particulate Matter (PM) Absenteeism Test Performance Air pollution Academic performance Thermal inversions India Using ASER test data from 2008–2014 and satellite-based PM2.5 estimates, this study shows that short-term air pollution significantly reduces reading and math scores in Indian children. Results highlight school attendance as a key pathway and suggest urgent policy action.