2021 No https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2021.101552 Caviola, Sara Europe Experimental Students Middle/Jr High (6-8) Noise Test performance Classroom acoustics Noise Children Math Achievement Task difficulty Mental calculation tasks under traffic/classroom noise vs. quiet were tested in 162 middle-school students. Noise effects varied by age and task complexity, with younger students most impaired. Findings support better acoustic design for equitable academic outcomes.