2019 No https://jcaa.caa-aca.ca/index.php/jcaa/article/view/3275 Jamieson, Janet R. North America Observational Students Teachers Elementary (K-5) Noise Cognative function Stress/Anxiety Other Deaf Hard of hearing Classroom acoustics Background noise Observations in 11 Canadian elementary classrooms assessed how background noise affects DHH students’ learning and peer interaction. Interviews with 16 teachers revealed noise harms both academic performance and social development, with implications for inclusive education policy.