2016 No http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2016.02.004 Grineski, Sara E. North America Observational Epidemiology Study Students Elementary (K-5) Particulate Matter (PM) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Heavy metals Test Performance Environmental justice Academic performance Hazardous air pollutants Children Using parent-reported GPA for 1888 students, this study links academic performance to school-based exposure to hazardous air pollutants. Multi-level models show diesel PM and respiratory toxics reduce GPA, supporting stronger school siting and air quality policies.