2024 Yes Environmental pollutants PM2.5, PM10, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3) impair human cognitive functions https://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/789-796.pdf Meo, S.A. Asia Observational Students High School (9-12) Carbon Monoxide (CO) Particulate Matter (PM) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Ozone (O3) Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Test performance Environmental Pollution Air pollution Cognitive Functions Students Schools Riyadh Saudi Arabia Students in a traffic-polluted area had significantly delayed performance on attention, reaction, and motor tasks. PM₂.₅, PM₁₀, CO, NO₂, SO₂, and O₃ exposure was higher. Findings link air pollution near schools to impaired cognitive function in students. 2024