2017 Yes https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ina.12403 Fisk, W.J North America Europe Asia Exposure Study Students Elementary (K-5) Middle/Jr High (6-8) High School (9-12) Ventilation rates Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Carbon dioxide (CO2) Costs Health Performance School Ventilation There is evidence that reduced respiratory health effects and reduced student absence are associated with increased ventilation rates. Increasing ventilation rates in schools imposes energy costs and can increase heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning system capital costs. The net annual costs, ranging from a few dollars to about 10 dollars per person, are less than 0.1% of typical public spending on elementary and secondary education in the United States. Such expenditures seem like a small price to pay given the evidence of health and performance benefits.