2024 No Hazardous air pollutants are associated with worse performance in reading, math, and science among US primary schoolchildren https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.108925 Grineski, Sara E. North America Observational Epidemiological Students Elementary (K-5) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Particulate Matter (PM) Test performance primary school Academic achievement Air pollution Math Science and reading Early childhood longitudinal study Kindergarten cohort Used longitudinal data from 16,000 US children to link kindergarten HAP exposure to reduced reading, math, and science scores through grade 3. Adds evidence that air pollution impairs academic development. 2019