2024 No School-based exposure to hazardous air pollutants and grade point average: A multi-level study http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2016.02.004 Grineski, Sara E. North America Observational Epidemiological Students Elementary (K-5) Particulate Matter (PM) Volatile Organic Compounds Heavy metals Test performance Environmental justice Academic performance Hazardous air pollutants children Schools Using parent-reported GPA for 1888 students, this study links academic performance to school-based exposure to hazardous air pollutants. Multi-level models show diesel PM and respiratory toxics reduce GPA, supporting stronger school siting and air quality policies. 2016