2024 No Reconfiguring relational space: a qualitative study of the benefits of caring for hens for the socio-emotional development of 5 - 9-year-old children in an urban junior school context of high socio-economic exclusion https://doi.org/10.1080/14729679.2021.1894953 Gilligan, Ciara Europe Observational Students Elementary (K-5) Green space Stress/Anxiety Cognitive Function hens care Socio-emotional personal and social development poverty outdoor education diametric space concentric space A qualitative study explored how daily hen care at an urban Irish school helped 5-9-year-olds build empathy, responsibility, and calm. Teachers noted greater motivation and peer cooperation, suggesting benefits for social-emotional development in disadvantaged settings. 2021