2024 Yes Formation of cluster mode particles (1-3 nm) in preschools https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969721068327?via%3Dihub Torkmahalleh, Mehdi Amouei Asia Exposure Students Elementary (K-5) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Carbon Monoxide (CO) Particulate Matter (PM) Ozone (O3) Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Temperature Humidity Cluster mode particles Preschool Cleaning detergents SOA Ozone Cluster particle formation (1-3 nm) was measured in two preschools in Kazakhstan. Primary sources included candle burning; secondary particles arose from VOC oxidation during cleaning and painting. Adjusting cleaning practices may reduce children’s exposure. 2022