2024 Yes The Effects of Traffic Air Pollution in and around Schools on Executive Function and Academic Performance in Children: A Rapid Review https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/2/749 Gartland, Nicole Multiple Countries Review Students Elementary (K-5) Particulate Matter (PM) Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Test performance Cognitive function Traffic-related air pollution Cognitive function Working memory School children Academic achievement Review This review of 9 studies found that PM2.5 and NO₂ in and around schools impair executive function and working memory in primary-aged children. PM10 may also affect attention and test scores. Findings highlight cognitive risks of school air pollution. 2022