2024 Yes Associations between road traffic noise exposure at home and school and ADHD in school-aged children: The TRAILS study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7864841/ Zijlema, W.L. Europe Observational Epidemiological Students Elementary (K-5) Noise Stress/Anxiety Attention defcit/hyperactivity disorder Road traffic noise Adolescents Child health Cross-sectional study In 1,710 Dutch children, residential and school traffic noise showed no harmful links to ADHD symptoms; noise was linked to slightly lower ADHD diagnosis risk, possibly due to bias. Further longitudinal studies on noise and ADHD are needed. 2020