2024 No Identifying the K-12 classrooms' indoor air quality factors that affect student academic performance https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147498 Kabirikopaei, Adel North America Observational Exposure Modeling Students Elementary (K-5) Middle/Jr High (6-8) High School (9-12) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Carbon Monoxide (CO) Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Ozone (O3) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Particulate Matter (PM) Test performance indoor air quality (IAQ) Academic performance Classrooms Student demographics IAQ factors and student test scores were analyzed in 220 U.S. classrooms across seasons. Fine particles, ozone, CO, and ventilation type were linked to academic outcomes. Findings support HVAC upgrades for better learning environments. 2021