2024 Yes Green Schoolyards in Low-Income Urban Neighborhoods: Natural Spaces for Positive Youth Development Outcomes https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00805 Bates, Carolyn R. North America Observational Students Teachers Elementary (K-5) Green space Stress/Anxiety Other Green space schoolyards Urban child development prosocial behavior Physical activity Mixed-methods study of green schoolyard renovations at 3 Chicago schools found increased physical activity, positive peer interactions, and improved adult perceptions of safety and reduced bullying. Green schoolyards may enhance youth development in under-resourced neighborhoods. 2018