2024 Yes Choice matters: Pupils' stress regulation, brain development and brain function in an outdoor education project https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12528 Dettweiler, Ulrich Europe Experimental Students Middle/Jr High (6-8) Green space Stress/Anxiety Cognitive Function stress regulation resilience outdoor schooling MRI cortisol Physical activity accelerometer Experimental MRI study with 5th-6th grade students found that education outside the classroom reduced cortisol levels and enhanced development of the anterior cingulate cortex through autonomy support, suggesting that outdoor teaching environments support biological stress regulation. 2021