2024 No A virtual speaker in noisy classroom conditions: supporting or disrupting children's listening comprehension? https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29619859/ Nirme, J. Europe Experimental Epidemiological Students Elementary (K-5) Noise Test performance Listening Comprehension Noise Education Multimodality Virtual humans Classrooms Swedish study of 55 children tested listening comprehension in noise with and without a virtual speaker. Noise reduced comprehension; visuals had limited benefit. Strong executive function aided performance only in quiet, suggesting complex effects. 2018